The 19th century saw a dramatic change in the appearance of Luxembourg City. The connection of the city to the European railway network in 1859 and the dismantling of its fortress in 1867 opened up new development perspectives. The progressive urbanisation and industrialisation also brought about a change in people’s living habits. Urban dwellers – and increasingly the rural population – no longer supplied their own food and clothing. They became consumers and bought the necessary items in shops. After 1850, the retail trade experienced its “golden” era.
